TYPES OF FIDIC CONTRACTS

 أنواع عقود الفيديك

A Comprehensive Guide to Engineering Contracts in the Construction Sector

FIDIC contracts, crafted by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers, provide a standardized framework that clearly defines rights and responsibilities in construction and infrastructure projects. Designed to suit a range of project types—from straightforward to complex—FIDIC contracts include both core contracts and specialized supplements. Here’s an in-depth overview of the main FIDIC contract types and supplementary agreements.

Core FIDIC Contracts:

Red Book

• Description: The Red Book is one of FIDIC’s most popular contracts, designed for traditional construction projects where the employer supplies the design, and the contractor manages execution.
• Usage: Ideal for building projects, roads, and bridges where the engineering and architectural aspects are predetermined.

الكتاب الأحمر: يُستخدم للمشاريع التقليدية حيث يقوم صاحب العمل بتصميم المشروع والمقاول بالتنفيذ.

Yellow Book

• Description: Suitable for design-and-build projects where the contractor is responsible for both design and construction.
• Usage: Best suited for technically complex projects, such as power plants, processing facilities, and industrial infrastructure.

الكتاب الأصفر: يُستخدم في مشاريع التصميم والبناء حيث المقاول مسؤول عن التصميم والتنفيذ.

Silver Book

• Description: Known as the "Turnkey Contract," where the contractor takes full responsibility for design, construction, and handover of a completed project.
• Usage: Ideal for large, ready-for-use projects, such as factories and complex industrial installations.

الكتاب الفضي: عقد تسليم مفتاح حيث يكون المقاول مسؤولاً عن التصميم والتنفيذ والتسليم.

Gold Book

• Description: Used for design, build, operate, and maintain (DBOM) projects, with the contractor managing long-term operation and maintenance post-completion.
• Usage: Fits long-term projects that require ongoing maintenance, such as transportation systems and essential public facilities.

الكتاب الذهبي: يُستخدم لمشاريع التصميم والبناء والتشغيل والصيانة طويلة الأجل.

Green Book

• Description: A straightforward contract used for smaller and medium-sized projects that don’t demand extensive contract details.
• Usage: Perfect for short-term projects with lower costs and simpler requirements.

الكتاب الأخضر: عقد بسيط للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة التي لا تتطلب تعقيدًا في الشروط.

White Book

• Description: A consultancy agreement to appoint project consultants, such as architects and designers, establishing their roles with the employer.
• Usage: Ideal for arranging consultancy and design services.

الكتاب الأبيض: يُستخدم كعقد استشاري لتعيين الاستشاريين في المشروع.

Supplementary and Additional FIDIC Contracts

Enhanced EPC / Turnkey Contract

• Description: Designed for complex projects where the contractor oversees all design and construction phases with a focus on high-quality standards.
• Usage: Suitable for projects demanding precision and stringent quality control.

عقد EPC المعزز: عقد مصمم للمشاريع المعقدة حيث يتحكم المقاول في جميع مراحل المشروع بدقة وجودة عالية.

Long-Term Maintenance Contract

• Description: A supplement added to standard contracts for projects that require long-term maintenance after completion.
• Usage: Ideal for large infrastructure and public facility projects.

عقد الصيانة طويلة الأمد: يُضاف للعقود عند الحاجة لصيانة طويلة الأجل بعد الانتهاء.

PPP Model Contract

• Description: Designed for public-private partnership (PPP) projects where both sectors collaborate in financing and managing the project.
• Usage: Best for large infrastructure projects requiring joint funding and cooperation between the public and private sectors.

عقد الشراكة بين القطاعين العام والخاص: مخصص لمشاريع الشراكة التي تتطلب تمويلاً مشتركاً وإدارة متعاونة.

Special Conditions of Contract

• Description: Supplementary clauses added to core contracts to adjust terms based on specific project needs or legal requirements.
• Usage: Tailors contracts to the legal and regulatory environment of each project or country.

ملحقات تعديل العقد: تُستخدم لتخصيص العقود بما يتناسب مع متطلبات المشروع والقوانين.

Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) Guidelines

• Description: Guidelines for establishing boards to resolve disputes before they escalate to arbitration or court.
• Usage: Reduces and manages disputes effectively, minimizing project delays.

إرشادات إدارة النزاعات: تُستخدم لتسوية النزاعات بفعالية وسرعة قبل تصعيدها للتحكيم.

Short Form of Contract

• Description: A simplified, accessible contract for small-scale projects, focusing on only the essential requirements.
• Usage: Best for low-cost projects that don’t require detailed provisions.

عقد قصير: عقد مبسط يُستخدم للمشاريع الصغيرة ويحتوي فقط على الشروط الأساسية.

Conclusion

FIDIC contracts provide a flexible and adaptable framework that ensures fair allocation of responsibilities, minimizes disputes, and offers legal support for project success. By promoting clear agreements on terms and procedures, FIDIC contracts contribute significantly to the efficient completion of projects, from large-scale endeavors to simpler, smaller-scale initiatives.